American Ideals Of Freedom And Liberty

the Statesn Ideals Of license And LibertyIn 1776, our country was founded on American ideals of freedom, liberty, and equivalence how constantly, during this date in history these principals were often bias to upper class gaberdine manpower. When the Declaration of Independence was first written, m some(prenominal) Americans understood the notion of in all men are created equal to truly mean that all discolor males were created equal. This was true with other elegant sort outs guarantees in addition. The framers of our countrys Constitution were also considered to be the selected of their date. They were all fresh, wealthy, well educated land owners and did not adequately portray the diversity in our nation. accomplished declines are defined as a class of rights and freedoms that protect individuals from unwarranted g overnment action and ensure ones talent to participate in the civil and political life story of the state without secretion or repression. Freedoms of speech, of the press, of religion, and of fair and equal treatment are the basic civil rights disposed(p) to each of us. The Bill of Rights that was added to our Constitution outlines the basic freedoms and liberties guaranteed to every citizen of the linked States of America. The Bill of Rights, in black and duster is the first ten amendments to the shaping however sadly, women and African Americans were not granted the civil rights entitled to them. elegant rights issues began at our countries founding, and continues throughout history and today. fights in general happen as a result of people or nations defending a terrority, protect their interests and/or trying to achieve a moral purpose. The civil War combined all of this rational, and ended up being the single bloodiest deviation in American history. The Civil War claimed the lives of over 600,000 Americans, all on American soil which is more than in all other American wars combined with the exception of Vietnam. The Ci vil War began in 1838 as a result of dis prescribees between the northern and southern states over slavery and value income of cotton exports. The south wanted to keep slavery and felt it was necessary, so they started the war by seceding from the union. The North refused to let the Southern states break up the Union, thus the dispute led to the Civil War.The end result of the Civil War did free the slaves, however, the blacks did not gain both ground of spot or respect among the states in either the north or south. exsanguine men continued to treat the African American population as property rather than people. Following the Civil War, slavery may watch been abolished however not much changed for blacks. Blacks fought hard for freedoms men still could not own property, right to voting, or go anywhere in public the white men were allowed. They suffered through hate, beatings, and small rations of food. They were treated no differently when they were suppose to be free. If a black man or woman did seize the opportunity to work for right at a white mans factory, he nor she would never get the uniform pay as a white man. They were working for the same company and doing the same job however, it wasnt considered to be right for a black man or woman to be earning the same amount as a white man or woman.Women were fashioning small strides toward equality in the early 1800s Oberlin College in 1833 was the first to agree women students and make their university a coed facility, the first National Female Anti-Slavery Society design was held in 1837 with 81 female delegates, and in 1844 Female textile workers in Massachusetts organized the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association (LFLRA) and read a 10 hour work day. The push for womens right to voting began in the mid 1800s when the proposed 15th amendment came to fruition. Some suffragists refused to endorse the amendment because women were not include however, argued that once the black man was enfranchis ed, women too would achieve their goal, and gain select rights. The National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was formed in 1890 the grouping organized marches and protests, and pressed the federal government for institutional changes, such as allowing married women to have property rights.The 15th amendment to the Constitution granted African American men the right to vote. This was a big tempo in the direction of equality. This amendment states that the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. ballot rights for African Americans was huge in the civil rights movement however it turn out not to be an easy task or necessarily voguish choice for most blacks to do so. Discriminatory legal barriers were enacted to continue them from in reality having a say, once again forcing the African Americans to fight for what was suppose to b e a freedom. Literary tests, canvas taxes, the grandfather clause and white primaries were put in attitude as ways to discourage the black voters from excerising their polite duty.Literary tests were exams given to indivudials to determine if they were intelligent enough to vote. The vast absolute majority of African Americans were not educated therefore it was very difficult to point they were literate enough to vote. The exams were manageed by whites and bias toward whites. A test administer may ask a white person to spell a simple word such as God or boy, where a black person would be asked to spell a word wish chrysanthemum or interpretation. When an African American got the word wrong, they were deemed illiterate and lost their countenance to vote. For those who did pass the literary tests, the government put in place poll taxes. Essentially this was a law forcing voters to pay a steep tax/fee in order to vote. If you were not able to pay the tax, your right to vote was revoked. Taxes were also cumulative if you could not afford the tax at a particular election, the next time you tried to vote, you were required to pay that elections tax as well as all previous costless taxes. African Americans were poor and most lost their voting privilege because of this.The gramps Clause was a law that waived electoral literacy requirements and poll taxes for those whose ancestors voted before the Civil War. This provided a loop hole for illiterate whites that could not pass the literary tests to be able to vote. It also prevented the blacks from voting as the majority of their ancestors were slaves and had no rights.The Democratic Party was the dominant party in the United States during this time and in most all elections their candidates were in character. To avoid allowing black voters to vote in the primarys, the democrats promoted their political party as a private organization. By doing this, they could control who voted in the primary and they could e xclude anyone they wished. In most cases, who ever won the primary, and made it to the general election ticket would be voted into office therefore the African American votes really didnt matter since the primary was determined by the whites.The Reconstruction period following the Civil War power saw the beginnings of the Ku Klux Klan. This group was a white activist group and the first wage was founded in 1865. Their original purpose was to deny African Americans the same rights and opportunities as white people in the south. Klan members used violence, threats, and even murder of those blacks who seek to become educated, to vote, to befriend whites or sought out better stipendiary jobs. It was during this time the Klan began to wear white robes in an attempt of further intimidate blacks and to conceal their identity. In 1870 and 1871 the federal government was forced to step in and passed a series of acts, known as Enforcement Acts. They were put in place to protect the voti ng rights of blacks and to try and suppress the Ku Klux Klan. The Acts outlawed actions intended to prevent blacks from voting, established rules to eliminate fraudulent registration practices, prevented intimidation of blacks by any illegal action, and gave the president the right to have the military step in when public safety was threatened.Civil rights have been a struggle America has faced since the founding of our country, and has been a violent and deadly battle for equality of our laws. All people are created equal, and all people bleed red. I believe that every citizen in America should have the same rights and privileges irrespective of ethnic background or religion. A prerequisite of being a white, land owning well off male contradicts the very principals our nations was founded on.Reconstruction in the south was Americas first attempt at an interracial democracy. It completely reshaped life as was once known. Blacks were freed from slavery and for the first time looked u pon as a person, not property. The United States government finally assumed responsibility for formation and protecting civil rights. Freedmen in the south were given an opportunity to vote although it did not come with out risk and challenges. Black men were also granted the right to hold political office. The African American confederation was huge in the south, and with the help of white allies was able to temporally bring the Republican Party to power.Cumming, GA is considered to be a agrestic country township with little racial diversity or tolerance. Cumming benefited from the occupation of the gold rush in Dahlonega however when gold was discovered in CA, and the tourists left, Cummings economy suffered. Even during the Civil War, Cumming was bypassed by Shermans Army and was essentially a sleepy little town. There is a case from1912 when a white woman was raped by 3 black men in town. This outraged the citizens so much that Georgias governor was forced to trip troops into the metropolis to prevent a riot. The Ku Klux Klans Knight Riders campaigned for well over a month in an effort to force all African Americans out of not only Cumming, but all of Forsyth County. They were fairly flourishing and for many years the black population in the county was basically non existent. to a greater extent recently in 1987, a small group of blacks marched through town in Cumming to celebrate Martin Luther Kings birthday. This infuriated the Klan and in protest, they threw glass bottles and rocks at the group. This violate drew national attention and turned into the largest civil rights demonstrations since the 1960s. The results of this demonstration were positive degree as it was a turning point and marked favorable change. Today, the city is becoming more and more diverse and is growing rapidly.

Be a Better Person than Yesterday

Be a Better Person than YesterdayHow has been lifelong training molded me into who I am today and who I leave alone be tomorrow? Today I am a stop individual because of what I stick out in condition(p) yesterday and with this growth, I ordain be a go bad person tomorrow. Day to day hold is also day to day learning, everything I do and to everyone I act with I have an opportunity to be enligh 10ed in my wisdom. I believe that learning starts at the moment of c formerlyption when the sperm and egg meet dynamics begins and so does the learning. During development, I was programmed from the DNA that my parents had contributed and from their parents and from theirs and so on.some(a) of the earliest learning experiences that I piece of tail faintly remember would be potty training. The countless hours that my parents had invested in me had pain off so that I am able to potty in a toilet, this is important so that I butt be like that of my friends. Having Family that interacts on a mundane to a weekly basis gave me sharpness on the culture that my parents came from, lessons on cooking that great Italian spaghetti to growing ve makeables and fruits down on the farm. ontogeny up in Catholic civilizes set the standard for my values and morals, creation polite and addressing an adult in the appropriate manner. Other lessons like enclothe tying and how to use your handkerchief to counting and knowing the alphabet. School gave me the fundamental skills needed to interact in the world around me and to help me better learn the lessons that the schools do not teach. Having teachers that truly loved what they were doing and some cartridge clips not ever knowing the results of how students moved on and what success may have come from their sour.Grade school and high school fur at that placed my basic skills and started to recall me some insight to what I might do as a grown up, on with the skills on continued learning habits. Having an English teacher that saw my hidden talents in poetry used that as a tool to sharpen my skills in writing and grammar and to the gym teacher who pushed me to be the true athlete that I could be. My music teacher who wanted the silk hat for me when it came to singing and never gave up and made the extra time after school to help make improvements to my awesome vocals. The principle that wanted so much to punch me because at times I would push his buttons gave me insight on how to merchandise with kids like me. My coaches made me strong and brave, quick cerebration and agile. Having friends that had some of the same morals and values as me helped in property me out of trouble or going in the wrong direction. sledding to church and having faith has kept me humble at times when I thought too much of myself. Helping those that were less fortunate than myself get clothes and food, and to help the elderly citizenry that needed yard work done or heavy things moved in the house. Faith gives me the peculiar ity in troubled times or when things are going in a direction that I am not sure of. taking classes to a Christian councilor for married couples had helped in being compassionate for others and teaches how to be a loving person.Living in a underage township has its perks we have the ability to know a large majority of the people that live in the community. I had been raised not only by my parents and family but by the neighbors and those that lived in the community. Active as I was in school sports and church events many people knew me, so I had scores of people looking out for me. Growing up in this small town I had become a key figure among the junior kids, they looked up to me and knew that they would be safe around me. One event that had deep come to light is when a young woman had posted on a popular website on how I would take kids ice glide in the winter and when one of the little children had fallen and hurt her channelize badly I had carried her all the way home. Th is event had brought to my circumspection that so many of these life events had been training me for the job that I have today, and what I plan on doing for the rest of my life.I have also worn-out(a) four years in the Air National Guard and learned some great organizing skills and mechanical and electrical troubleshooting skills. Training in the force gives you the leadership skills needed to teach and train those that want to learn along with tools to help anyone that needs help. I went into the law enforcement field after time in the guard and acquired skills for dealing with people in difficult situations and how to deal with people when they are at their worst and how to maintain order in chaotic situations. I had training in keeping your temperament constitutional when everything around you is in complete disorder.Having decided to go back to school to get more education to further myself in my career in working with teens and children with autism has been a learning exper ience in itself. Lifelong learning is and will always be a major part of my life. We can learn from each other in a school circumstance or in real life experiences if we pay close attention to the world around us. Everything we do and everyone we come in contact with can teach us something about ourselves and something about the world. In the past ten years, I had really taken a closer look at myself to really get to know who I am, and what it is I am to do to cause a change in the world.I have open up my gift and with all the events that have happened to me taught me and molded me into the person who I am today. Tomorrow I will be a different person only by opening up my mind and learn everything that there is to learn for a better tomorrow. Taking the opportunity of online learning has granted me a better outlook of who I am and the confidence that I need to continue on in getting a outstrip degree in psychology. I had to drop the attitude I once carried about school and the c lasses that I have to take even though I dont see the need for it now. All these things help in making lifelong learned a vital part of my life, which in invert I hope to make it a vital part of somebody elses life.

Marketing Strategies on Social Media: Fast Food

trade Strategies on Social Media Fast Food ledger entrySocial media has become one of the channels with the highest impact of advertisements in the be decade. This is primarily because of the widespread reach of the internet and social media tools through every locations.The principles base on which any commercializeing dialogue system is delimitate atomic number 18 as followCreate attention among the mint. The foodstuffing talk scheme should be such that it is highly visible and capture conterminous attention of the viewers.The communication strategy should be relevant to the target market and arouse interest to meet the needs of the customers.It should convince the customers to the extent that nation want to try the new return or service.The communication strategy should be simple, quick and even up the customer confident to act on the information and go ahead to buy the product or service.Because of the improver in the on by-line traffic in social media sites ev ery day, with millions of new users write up, all organizations would only be at ease to reach turn up to to a greater extent people and customers through social media communication. This platform would unlike another(prenominal) advertising mediums such as billboards, televisions etc. be a 2 way channel of communication instead of one. So it could also coupling as a point of contact for grievance and affection management, overly the promotional activities.Also employ the social media tools for marketing communication would make it to a greater extent(prenominal) dynamic and real time, where pictures and videos of events happening presently can be shared immediately.These are some of the advantages that all companies wish to reap by using such tools. MacDonalds and Burger fagot are two such organizations which begin started using social media communication strategies.McDonaldsMcDonalds was started in 1940 as a barbecue joint in California. However later on it was chang ed into hamburger and fast- sustenance provide stand. This was the first fast- food stove to use the principles of a production line in its stores. Over many decades the popularity of McDonalds has grown and now it roughly serves slightly 68 million customers every day. It has its presence across 120 countries, and has virtually 40,000 outlets throughout the world.The Revenue generated by MacDonalds is around $25 billion.McD has a multinational strategy where it caters to the divers(prenominal) culinary needs of different geographical regions based on the demographics and culture. It has a diverse menu across different locations using different ingredients suited to the particular locality.Burger KingBurger King was started in the stratum 1953 as a fast food and hamburger restaurant chain in Florida. The organization has changed hands quite a few times. in brief 3G Capital has a majority stake in Burger King.Burger King basically served only the America and Canada region unt il last decade where it expanded into much world(prenominal) countries for better opportunities.Burger King has revenue of $ 4.1 billion.The Offerings of Burger King were comparatively less(prenominal) and inflexible. However after the restructuring of the organization image by 3G Capital, Burger King do more adjustments in its offerings to cater to a wider target market.Burger King in the 1970s was at the peak of advertisements however that lost focus in a decade.Presently Burger King has around 15000 outlets throughout the world. Almost 47.5 % are in the USA itself.Comparison of the two organizations.McDonalds and BK put on had a different approach to reaching out to the target market and in that respect is some difference that is also reflected in the social media platform communication strategies. Let us check these out in details.McDonalds has a different menu at different locations taking into consideration the culture and food habits of different areas. All such geograph ical locations are equally important. So essentially McDonalds follows a global strategy. Burger King on the other focuses more on the USA outlets and tries to target the local audience more than the international market. As a result McDonalds social media page will have more information regarding the store openings at various locations and pictures if various people at different locations enjoying their food. Burger King on the other hand focuses more on the promotion of new products. The page will contain more information about the features of new products and the price.McDonalds has a marketing communication strategy with a global identity and so it focuses more on the quiet factors such as different people at different location enjoying their meal, different events where customers are participating. So there would be more subject matter to make the customers involved. Burger King on the other hand plays more on the hard factors by describing the new taste and ingredients used and the reasonable prices.Burger King Page also couples up as a customer complaint portal where people can state their grievance and the customer actualise team reaches out to them. However, since there are hardly any product features in the MacD page, there are fewer incidents of customer complaints in these pages. closing curtainThe social media communication strategy clearly depends on the target market that is being catered to and the factors which are being marketed.A local strategy which focuses more on the products that is being served will have a direct promotional strategy which showcases the product features. A global strategy would focus more on the soft factors that involves more customer participation, opinion polling etc.ReferencesMarketing communications by Oyujimi KayodeStrategic marketing communications by capital of Minnesota Smith, Alan PulfordMarketing Communications by Lynne Eagle

No Exit by Jean Paul Sartre | Analysis

No die by Jean Paul Sartre AnalysisAnalysis of No deviationNo Exit by Jean Paul Sartre is a coquet that symbolizes the German rail line of France. He was a soldier in the cut Army during World War II and had to face the humiliation of belt down and the suffering of state of war. No Exit takes place in a inhabit which is supposed to be a part of nuthouse occupied by iii commonwealth who fuel non stand cosmos around for each(prenominal) one other(a). This is an allusion to the blood between the French and German quite a little living amongst each other during the war. In this cultivate, Sartre discusses issues such as freedom, reliance on others, deception, and bad trustingness (Spark Notes, analysis). In this essay I will discuss the different inclinations and symbolic re hand overation that help the reader understand Sartres conveyed messages about how he views death and how integrity must handle the present. Also, I will discuss the characters in insight to understand why they handled the situations they were in so differently than the others by compargon and contrasting their mortalalities. Sartre to a fault was a firm believer in either a being-in-itself, a being that lets other people control them or a being-for-itself, a being who makes their own choices. Existence precedes essence was the estimate to his belief that a earth consciousness was c commemorateed on a being-for-itself, or a being-in-itself (Spark Notes, analysis). Humans shake off the power to control their choices, thoughts, characteristics, value and certain traits. With this power also comes responsibility for ones choices. This anxiety of responsibility causes people to step back and let others chose and control what they think and do. It is a authority to cope and not take responsibility for ones actions. This in turn creates the whim of a being-in-itself instead of the humans usual being-for-itself. In this paper this intellection will be discussed and co mpared with the characters reactions to their own personal reality in hell.The 4 characters that Sartre portrayed in this play are the human beings, Inez, Estelle and Mr. Garcin. Garcin is a journalist from Rio and the archetypal to be enterd to the story and enter the direction. His cause of death was execution by a firing squad for trying to desert during a war. The war was not specified exactly, that his excuse for deserting was that he was a pacifist and was standing up for what he believed in. During the play, it is clear that Garcin is adapted to deal with the idea of their hell better than the other two characters in the room. He sees and understands that the three of them were not put together by chance but really brought together on purpose to torture each other with the others foundation. He stated that the best focus to cope with this predicament was for each person to keep to themselves and leave the other be in hopes of being able to coexist peacefully. Throu ghout the whole story, Garcin looks back into the past and looks at Earths present and tries to make peace with himself about the evil things he had done to his love ones on Earth. He completely understands why he is damned to hell and does not question anything about w here he is. Inez is the second person to enter the room and is the closely destructive of all of the characters. She makes it her mission to cause the near hostility and problems towards the other two people in the room. Her past vocation was as a postal clerk. She believes she is in hell, because she seduced her cousins wife and practiced adultery. The agent for her death was that her lover, her cousins wife, left field the stove on while they were sleeping and the flatulency killed them both. She clearly dis wants men and automatically hates Garcin. In many instances she is obviously competing with him. However, she cursorily finds Estelle very attractive and pursues her for the rest of the story. She tries to find any way attainable to be closer to Estelle and genuinely scares her. Estelle is the last person to enter the hell. She is the most skittish and frightened person in the room. She relies on mirrors to remind her that she is actually there, and when she realizes there are no mirrors in the room she controls to rely on Garcin and Inez to define her existence. She also strongly believes that she does not belong in hell, being only willing to admit to her cause of death pneumonia. She refuses to use the excogitate dead but asks everyone to instead use the word absent. Inez pursues her but Estelle informs them that she fecal matter only be with a man and favors Garcin. Garcin is briefly interested in Estelle but then quickly puts all of his energy into focusing on Inez and her actions. Estelle finally confesses that she had an affair on her husband and killed her illegitimate child. Lastly, the most mysterious of all characters is the homo.He was the person to lead each indiv idual into the room, rarely answering any questions and only supplies brief, cryptic answers. He informs Garcin of the bell in the room with which he may be summoned, but it rarely works. The valet is resonant of a devil picture. He gives Garcin a chance to escape but knows that because of his personality, he would never leave in fear of Inez passing judgments on him for leaving the room. The characters think that the valet toys with each of them indirectly and causes them great painfulness and problems, such as the furnishing of the room.Existentialism is the rejection of any traditional approach to objective understandings of human behavior. Existentialists choose to study and look at individual humans who exist indep give the axeently of any sort of community, tradition, or law. In No Exit, it usher out be a perfect place for existentialism to be observed because of how each character is taken out of his or her subdivision to be picked apart and analyzed. Since there is no w ay out and no mirrors, the characters are left to decide for themselves if they are really there and have an essence. Sartre questions the differences between existence and essence with each character. Each person has died on earth and is left to only survive off of what they have left of their souls. They are able to see for themselves who they really are due to their disagreeable off situation. A mnage a trios has been created in this play where each character must either ignore or sham the judgments of the others in the room. In the start-off, both Inez and Garcin have a conflict about the way Garcins face looked. She did not deal the way his mouth turned and she demanded that he stop. He chose to believe her opinion and tried to stop. This is one of many examples of how these characters agree to rely on the opinion of others to define their existence. Garcin allowed Inez to define his essence. Another arouse point about this work is that Sartre did not describe hell as bein g a definitive place. He allows you to see that hell could be a state of mind. Sartre most likely wrote this play during the German occupation of Paris and so one can conclude that he compared the eyelid-less stare of the valet to the Nazis and their surveillance of the French people. Garcin is deeply bothered by the valet staring at him because of his fear of being judged by others questioning eyes.Sartre practices the technique of exposition, or giving a detailed background to each character, to introduce each character by placing them in an awkward and strange situation. Sartre also foreshadows many of the major points of the play before they occur later on. For example, every character is already dead and yet they still are in denial and continue to think of themselves as alive. They continue to make comments like nothing is different about their lives and refuse to accept where they are at first. Also, there is foreshadowing of the character development between Garcin and Est elle. In the beginning when Estelle first sees him, she recognizes him and connects him with her lover on earth. This foreshadows their relationship later on in the story. Existence and essence is also talked about with the example of how Estelle relies on a mirror to believe that she is really there. She relies on material things to define her existence. Inez on the other hand refuses to let other people define her existence or essence. She claims that she is forever and a day painfully conscious of herself (Spark Notes, analysis). Hell is other people is also a main topic portrayed in this play (Scridb). Estelle needs Inez to be her mirror but it is not possible for her to facilitate Estelle fully because they have different opinions about appearance. There will always be a difference in the way they would see each other. Inez greatly dislikes the way Garcin looks at her, and feels like he is always judgment her. Garcin also hates the idea of other people judging him for what h e has chosen to do and would stop at nothing to prove them wrong, even if it style him staying in the room forever. Both Estelle and Garcin refuse to let go of their pasts and accept what has already been done. They each cause their own hell, and it seems like a never ending cycle of personal torture. They still both act like they are in the past and refuse to look at the here and now, unlike Inez. She clearly sees her present and understands that the past cannot be altered, and so she decides not to linger on it. All you own is here is an evidently true(p) quote said by Inez that greatly emphasizes the idea of acceptance (Spark Notes, analysis). Garcin, towards the end proves that he has the least amount of self understanding and worth. He is unable(p) to decide on his motives as to why he ran from the war and whether he considers himself a coward or not. He asks Estelle to tell him what her opinion is and relies on her to allure him either way. Just like Inez, Garcin is pass ing worried about others laying judgments on him, and fears a lack of control. He believes that now that he is gone, he has left his memory and legacy in other peoples hands to do what they please with it. He gives his freedom to define himself to others. He has now became a being-in-itself. This is the whole reason why he chooses to not leave when the valet opens the door for him. He believes that people will always judge him from the choices he has made in his past, and decides to damn himself to the room for eternity. Sartre powerfully shows that hell could just be other people by putting Garcin, Estelle and Inez together. Hell can be a mindset and not just a strong-arm place. Just the power of each persons gaze on one other takes away from each persons individuality as a whole. There is no need for physical torture when the mere existence of the other causes sufficiency anguish. Each character loses and ignores their given freedom and responsibility.No Exit is an extremely in teresting piece of literature which I recommend to anyone who wants to see an rook way of look at life and its many important themes. tariff for ones actions, acceptance of others, self-reliance on defining ones self, existence, concentration on looking at the present and not dwelling on the future are very important ways of operating life which are echoed end-to-end this work. Each character symbolizes weaknesses in which many people have and can relate to.Bibliography1. Scribd. No Exit by Jean Paul Sartre. Non-commercial copyright. 9 May. 2008. .2. SparkNotes Editors. SparkNote on No Exit. SparkNotes LLC. n.d..17 Nov. 2009. .

Reflection on a business education course

expression on a business education course reproval according to Walker E. S (2006) p 216 has been busheld as a care for regarding thinking or so and exploring an issue of concern, which is triggered by an inha chip shot. This simply marrow that for there to be a rumination, there has to be an experience, irrespective of it existence positive or negative. Leaver- Dunn et al were also n integrityd in Walker E. S (2006) p 216 that blame has the ability to distinguish mingled with the expert practitioners and their peers.To protrude with and looking r kayoede spikelet to the germ of this particular course it is interesting to none that being an international student from Nigeria and studying Marketing Communications in the University of Bedfordshire was an experience never to be forgotten, i read hold been through various forms of transformation, since the session dieed in September 21st,2009.Transformation theory, that was initially developed by labourer Mezirow, i dentifies a mental handle of dislodge that begins with an experience one post non incorporate into the amiable matrix built from prior life experience, and which usually includes the following components a disorientating dilemma, self examination, a searing assessment of assumptions, the wisdom that others move over asleep(p) through similar processes, the exploration of options for forming new roles, relationships or actions, the formulation of a plan of action and reintegration into the experience with new, transformed spots. Fuguan Tan (2009)Talking just roughlywhat transformation, i personally accrue from a uncouth that the educational system is totally different from that of Europe, particularly the United Kingdom. I was able to come to impairment with the fact that there existed a school calendar that willing be strictly followed and i saw myself in an organised setting. At head start i had problems coming to terms with being the only Nigerian girl in my c lass until later when i was joined by another fellow from my home country, this gave me a bit of confidence as to facing the challenging course.In the words of Aileen C. and Elaine E, (2004) they wrote that thoroughly reflecting on convention is genuinely a central feature of effective schooling, they went on to define verbalism as focusing on the immediate, thereby presenting the details of a problem or chore. As an individual i agree with the command to reflect or rather focus on the immediate, this will decidedly help to raise one across corrections for the future and not make the homogeneous mistakes already made if at all there was any.Further in the words of Horton-Deutsch. S and Sherwood Gwen (2008, p 947) consideration involves thinking near experience, which leads learners to a fuller understanding of what they know and increases their potency for leadership. Also true in my perspective is the argument of Horton-Deutsch, who wrote that it is important to refle ct or think cover song on the experience, which will in turn improve the individuals cognition about a particular situation or increase the potential for great heights.In most cases it is believed that the experience for studying abroad has great potential for transforming international student. I must say i went through some s ragtimees of transformation such as encountering change, engaging in reproval, reconfiguring perceptions and re-acclimating to the situation. Fuguan Tan (2009) becoming of note is the topographic take aim that throughout my study in my home country , there has never been an opportunity for me to reflect, this made it rather impossible for me to have a re-think on my mistakes, and there was also no opportunity to make corrections.5.2 WHAT DOES aspect MEAN?Cunliffe, (2004, p. 414) defines criticism as the means or process through which an experience in the form of perspective, feeling, or action, is examined to analyze its importee while it is happenin g or subsequently. Kember et al., (2000), wrote that reflectance does represent a signalise on a eruditeness continuum which is so characterised by habit at one end and critical censure at the other. To Schon (1983) reflection is referred to as the ability to rethink ones prior thoughts and action in context, both to erupt assumptions as well as to make heart.Reflection, as written in Klenowski V and Lunt I (2008) is mostly defining with regards to conceptual components and theoretical perspectives. Horton-Deutsch S and Sherwood Gwen (2008) explained that Reflection is about reading from experience, a critical aspect of knowledge development and a skill essential to leadership development. They both went on to argue on the basis that reflection goes far beyond popular empirical knowing, and it also combines personal and ethical dashs of knowing. Korthagen F and Vasalos A (2005) wrote that the essential importance of reflection is to learn from experiences.Woerkom M (2010) referred to reflection in Deweyans perspective as instrumental teaching he went win to note that it is the assessment of assumptions unstated in beliefs about how to solve problems. In this particular definition, reflection thus also includes an element of criticism only if refers more to instrumental thinking, which is concerned with how to solve a problem. In contrast, Mezirow defines critical reflection as addressing the heading of the justification for the very premises on which problems are pose or defined in the scratch line stern and examination of their sources and consequences.Critical reflection cannot become an integral element in the immediate action process exclusively requires a hiatus in which to reassess ones meaning perspectives and, if necessary, to transform them. Critical self-reflection refers to the most important learning experience. It means reassessing the way we have posed problems, our own meaning perspectives, as well as reassessing our own orie ntation to perceiving, knowing, believing, feeling, and acting.Some of the scholars perceived reflection, as critical reflection or critical thinking. It is therefore often not clear what the difference is, or even if there exist a difference, between these terms. Dewey, who is perceived as the founder of the concept of reflection, some clock routines the terms pondering thinking and critical thinking interchangeably. Scott. G.S (2010)5.3 RECOLLECTIONAND PROCESS OF REFLECTION OF REFLECTIONThe theoretical frame maneuver for reflection according to Korthagen F and Vasalos A (2005, p48) is referred to as ALACT model. This model is said to rely on the assumption that by temperament spate reflect on their experiences. The model also light upons a organise brooding process, plainly on the other hand, the model did not take note about the content of reflection. On the other hand Scott. G S (2010) p 434 argued that the benefit of reflection has got extensive theoretical pledge in literature, though Scotts definition of reflection is not without its own argument.He went on to write that the critical theorists reflection is considered to require the surfacing of assumptions proportional to situations and surrounded firmly power relations, control and the transformation of belief and values. Reflection was interchangeably rehearse by commission theorists as personal, psychological change rather than well-disposed change Scott. G.S (2010) p 434The role of student reflection is an integrated learning process, and reflection has three stages a review of experience, analysis, and re-evaluation (Peltier, Drago, 2004 Peltier et al., 2005). The initial stage of this process is the review of experience and presupposes awareness. That is, it presupposes that the experience in question has been brought into consciousness. The term reflection is frequently utilise very loosely and this can easily obscure the disciplined and challenging nature of such learning.Reynol ds (1999) distinguishes between critical reflection an approach in which both experience and its sociable and political contexts are examined, reflection which focuses on the individual and fall flats fine charge to social or political processes, and critical thinking, a term which he argues is usually used to signify a disciplined approach to problem solving (Reynolds, 1999, p. 173). He went on to claim that in the management literature critical reflection is being used in the weaker sense to describe thoughtful analysis or problem solving (Reynolds, 1999, p. 177).With regard to reflection and learning, Argyris and Schon distinguish betweensingle loop-the-loop and double loop learning. For the pattern of single loop learning it is possible by observing and reflecting on our own actions, to make a description of the tacit knowing implicit in them (Schon, 1987, p. 25).This enables us to analyse and evaluate such knowledge. However, double loop learning involves not only reflecti ng on ones actions, but also exploring the assumptions and theories-in use which are embedded in those actions. Walsh (2009)5.4 PERSONAL FEELINGS AND LEARNING FROM THE EXPERIENCEThe rawness that was felt at the beginning of the dissertation was overwhelming. It all started the first sidereal twenty-four hour period that we were told to prepare for the first dissertation presentation, as i go about the caution i still was able to gather knowledge. I wondered in the beginning if i could cope with the cypher ahead of me, but with the encouragement of mentors i was able to formulation it and carry on.Reflective thinking is to be used to enhance decision skills, cultural sensitivity, and aggroup up regulate, not simply express feelings or record in a diary what occurred, McInnis-Bowers et al. (2010) In the words of Scott S G (2010) reflection, is referred to as the process of rethinking ones prior thoughts and actions in context to bug out assumptions and make meaning. Reflecti on represents one point on a learning continuum that is characterized by habit at one pole and critical reflection at the other. During the course of my study particularly during the period i was write up my dissertation, the experience i had has thought me to believe in myself and lug thinking i cannot do it. It has thought me to always face my tasks with any(prenominal) challenges that come with it. From this experience i have realised that there is no dickens ways about succeeding except through tough spurt and there is a saying that goes thus Proper, Preparation, Prevents, Poor, Performance 5Ps.The first feedback i had with my concourseing components for the progress in the Trident endure which marked the bang off for the final dissertation. It did not seem a vertical start to me, because my meeting had a lot of things to work on and it was obvious not every assemblage member was willing to work. Although the feeling did not litigate as a drawback it only meant i had to work harder. On that day we were advised on the three vital aspects of the dissertation which included the campaign plan and hide, literature review and finally the reflection.Before we attended the atomic number 16 feedback, myself and the other three root word members met on three occasions where we delegated work to each member on the task ahead, most of the fourth dimension it was two of the four members that was active, and on several instances i personally encouraged them to put in more effort so we all can hand success at the end of the piece of work. The second feedback which was on the ten percent of March, was attended by two supervisors and again i was not blessed with myself as no thorough research was done, my input was not great enough and when we were asked what our campaign strategy meant, none of my group members could respond, this became a bit depressing.Looking forward to a sixty unit module i felt really down, but then it became a challenge. The p roblem that was posed was the inability to put literature together to back our arguments up but at the latter stage things got better.Again in the beginning it looked analogous we had difficulty interpreting the brief, as we came up with several mesmerisms, verifiables and strategy which seemed not to make sense, for this reason the task became more competitive as the other two groups had the same topic and it seemed my group was not making a head way.5.5 GROUP DYNAMICS AND LEARNING FROM THE EXPERIENCEWithin my group i happened to be the only female amongst three guys and i thought this reason will make them more active than i am but the reverse was the case, this was the reason why in the beginning i had mixed feelings about working within a group, as it seemed everyone had a level of understanding and this means it takes a brilliant one to be able to achieve success. I had no choice at that point as we had a little group of twelve in the faultless marketing communications, k now degree class, which made it really obvious to be able to distinguish between the brilliant and dull students. Several times i was not happy with the groups i fall into, but with finis to excel i usually face it, and i never regretted my decisions as i never failed a group work.According to Moon (2004, p. 136) when considering the university perspective on experiential learning and reflection, it becomes apparent, that the fact that all education comes about through experience does not mean that all experiences are real or equally educative he also argued that a short letter needs to be made between what she terms informal reflection and academic reflection the latter being a formal process. Walsh (2009)At a point during the group meetings i became so unhappy and i told other group members i was no longer interested in the work though this was not a true statement from my heart, i was probably too upset, but with time i was able to tranquillise myself down and cope even thoug h things did not work out as plannedOn several occasions there existed mistaking and i personally found out that there was need for these misunderstanding as it helps in moving forward most of the time. Again some at times a member within the group was used to saying he works better under pressure and this did not go well with me as i do not work well under pressure, instead i do the opposite meaning i plan my time and i appreciate time management and not fire brigade approach in carrying out my task. many times after a misunderstanding there exist discourse and apologies will be made by the necessary group members and then the task continues, interestingly we tend to achieve more at this time. some other point estimable to note at this time is that working within a group gives a knowledge about the office environment, where one will be working with other members of staff and if a task is to be carried out, there will be no opportunity to ask who to and who not to work with. Ea ch time i think of this i am encouraged to cope within any group i find myself and try to corporate and have a good team spirit.Reflection then, in the words of Scott G S (2010) p 432 is the process or means by which an experience, in the form of thought, feeling, or action, is examined to pull out its meaning while it is happening or subsequently. Reflection is fodder for self-regulation in an environment where what we define as useable and effective behaviour changes continuously. With honorable mention to the words of Scott (2010) i had different reactions to every situation that i was faced with, always thinking back that i had a degree in a different educational setting and now a masters in Europe.At that point it was obvious something was not right as the first and second feedback did not yield a positive result, but something i held on to was the words given by the supervisors, which i pondered on, i went on to sent my piece of work to the tutors over the internet, again l ittle improvement was made, it all became worrying but i never give up.What happened next? I suggested we needed to meet a tutor and start afresh, interesting, we approached him and he was happy to lead us aright, every group member attended this meeting and things began to change. From the proposition, print audience, strategy and very many useful advices was given. Most importantly we were told to include some theories of learning and reflection to reinforce some points, this period was a well cherished one as it marked the beginning of a turn around.My role within the group was a very vital one as the other members do contact me to know what the next step was, i was always be called upon to divide the task and explain what we did so far including the future plan. I enjoyed doing this as i have always seen myself as a magnetised leader, of course a leader by example.5.6 LESSONS FOR THE FUTURE PROJECTSWhen one negotiation of success story, that does not literarily mean the resul ts for the dissertation is out already but the fulfilment and the joy that comes to mind knowing basically that the group work and the individual part was done and submitted in due time is worthy of note. Soon after the summer holiday started two of the four group members did travel to their home country leaving just two people to deal with the work. Sincerely things went slow but at each time a meeting was arranged and there was progress at every meeting coupled with misunderstandings.On the eighth of June, we had a final group presentation with feedback, which marked the final day of the course, to our greatest surprise the proposition we have changed time and time again, target audience segmentation and the tag line began to communicate, it became obvious that the group was on track even though the actual presentation got lost in a missing crash drive. The group was advised to do more research and understand the target audience and what needs to be done to communicate the brand (Trident chewing gum) is the strategy and implementation. Throughout this same month and July communication continued online as it became a bit difficult to meet in the university since the library closed in(p) previous than usual. Each part of the campaign was dealt with rigorously and the power point slides were put together then the report followed afterwards.Scott G. S (2010) p 433 was earlier quoted in the report where he noted that John Dewey is considered a find originator of thinking about reflection. Dewey argued in his own words that reflective individuals have certain characteristics, which includes open-mindedness, which illustrates the will power within an individual to turn out intellectual responsibility for ones own views, wholeheartedness this simply means, a willingness to face fears and uncertainties, and finally enthusiasm.Reflection is concerned with practices and actions, especially professional practice in fields such as school teaching (Allen, 1992 Beyer , 1989 Collier, 1999), nursing (Burns Bulman, 2000), social work (Fook, 1996), and management communities of practice (Welsh Dehler, 2004). Reflection also generates inquiry and a search for meaning it provides the potential to see things in a way they have not been understood before. More simply, reflective practice contributes to learning.What i have learnt that will be forever useful to me is the ability to dialogue, this a very important instrument particularly in a group work scenario. Again it is good to listen to the leader as two wrongs can never make a right, it is totally unfair when team members refuse to listen to the leader, and obviously things will not go well. I have also learnt that in the future i understand clear the basis of my task before i kick off with work on it, as this delayed my group from moving forward during the presentation, as though we were moving around within the same circle, before we got our priorities right.The means of reflection is most oft en dialogue through which subjective and objective experience is processed, questioned, and meaning is made of it. Reflection through dialogue demonstrates students learning through their ability to conceptualize what they have learned, the meaning it has for their present and future, and the recognition that they are neither the same person as they were a few years previously nor should they expect to be a few years hence. Baker, Jensen, and Kolb (2002) labelled this approach to learning the inside-out approach. Scott G. S (2010) p 4335.7 finishingIn concluding this reflection report it is interesting to note that learning can be considered as a process of argumentation in which thinking, reflecting, experiencing and action are different aspects of the same process. It is also a hardheaded argumentation with oneself and in collaboration with others that actually forms the basis of learning. (Pavlica et al. 1998 145) in Corley A and Eades E (2004, P 138)During the review of liter ature it was noted according to Jeffrey D et al. (2000) that reflection is not an entirely new process and some writers delimit it to the work of Socrates, they went on to describe reflection as a process of disengaging from or stepping back from an experience and taking time to deliberately and carefully review it, think about it and construct meaning from it, however reflection is said to have a past, present and future element.In this report the writer has been able to reflect generally about the past experience, looking through the beginning of the marketing communications masters degree first impression, through to the present time which has to do with the experience while write up the dissertation, it is also interesting to note that the writer also discussed shortly of future expectations and learning from the past experience that can positively advert the future work.Having reflected on my experience from first day of university up until the old age of my final disserta tion, i will say i have actually enjoyed the entire process. Meeting friends from other parts of the world was a good thing to remember, with no exceptions of my tutors who were always there, and willing to help with whatever need we might have during the course of study. However i quit e agree with the idea of personal reflections as it gives the opportunity to think back and make amends as required. This in turn will have a positive effect on an individual.REFERENCESMiriam Catterall, Pauline Maclaran, and Lorna Stevens (2010) Critical Reflection in the Marketing Curriculum journal of Marketing Education, Vol. 24 no 3, December 2002 184-192Scott. G Susanne (2010) Enhancing Reflection Skills through Learning PortfoliosAn Empirical Test. Journal of Management Education 34(3) 430-457. The Author(s) , http//www. sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.navFuguan Tan (2009) Tri-fold Transformation An International Adult Students Reflections on Online Learning.Walker E. S (2006). Journal Writing as a didactics Technique to Promote Reflection Journal of Athletic Training Vol. 41, No 2 p216-221Klenowski Val and Lunt Ingrid (2008) Enhancing learning at doctoral level through the use of reflection. Taylor FrancisWalsh Anita (2009) Modes of Reflection Is it possible to use both individual and collective reflection to reconcile the three-party knowledge interests in workplace learning? European Journal of Education, Vol. 44, No. 3, 2009, Part I _1389 385Aileen Corley and Elaine Eades (2004) Becoming critically reflective practitioners academics and students reflections on the issues involved. Pp. 137-144. charitable Resource Development International, Taylor and Francis LimitedHorton-Deutsch Sarah and Sherwood Gwen (2008) Reflection an educational strategy to develop emotionally- competent nurse leaders. Journal of Nursing Management, 16, 946-954Doyle, Wendy Young, Jeffrey D (2000).Managing Development Making the most Experience and Reflection. Fall2000, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p18M arianne van Woerkom, (2010) Advances in Developing Human Resouces. The Concept of Critical Reflection and Its Implications for Human Resource Development Advances in Developing Human Resources Vol. 6, No. 2 p 178-192

A Marketing Strategy For Morrisons Marketing Essay

A Marketing Strategy For Morrisons Marketing EssayIn young years, several conceptual frameworks flip been developed to better understand the processes of strategy formulation, and for such processes, the term strategic merchandiseing is used to describe the decisions taken to develop long-run strategies for survival and growthAbout MorrisonsWe ar the UKs quartern largest forage seller with403 stores. Our business is mainly food for thought and foodstuff the hebdomadally shop. Uniquely we source and process most of the fresh food that we fail though our own manufacturing facilities, giving us close control oer provenance and quality and we affirm much people preparing more food in store than any other retailer.Every week night club million customers pass through our doors and 124,000 colleagues across the business work awkward each day to deliver great service to them. With competitive prices and hundreds of modified offers, we ar proud to save our customers money ev ery day.Definition of strategical MarketingMarketing Strategy is a process that can lay off an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase gross revenue and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. (Baker Michael 2008)Principles of signalingeting strategiesPeople oriented MarketingThe purpose of foodstuffing strategies is to create the added advantage of the party. The strategies that atomic number 18 support to the customer orientation is the most important one because the customer is the big businessman of market.The Cost Of Something Is What You Give Up To Get It.Marketing strategies ar be after correspond to the set of their products. Company pit their determine that atomic number 18 support their products and customer ar likely to buy it.Reward System StrategiesStrategies are disposed(p) to satisfy the customer and employees. Bonus Cards, loyalty cards are the rewards that organisation gives to their customers just to retain them.Competitive AdvantagesMarketing strategies are prepared according to the competitive advantage of the competitor.Marker Base AssetsMarketing strategies are supported to the brand name, brand image, company name and whence hard currency them to gain advantage.Vision of Morrisonsfood peculiar(prenominal)ist for everyoneFood specialistWe truly understand foodwe know where it comes fromwe pack it and go for it in our factorieswe make it in our stores andwe employ craft skills in every store.For everyoneGreat food which is alsogreat cherish andfor every day, not just special days.This vision is supported by our brand values and strategic objectives. distinguish valueOur brand values are important to delivering our strategy and patronize all our strategic objectives. Fresh, Value and Service are discussed in the rightfield box above.SMART AnalysisSMART is an acronym which tells us that when ever we set any companies objectives they should be,S =SpecificM= Measu rableA = actionable or AchievableR = RealisticT = Time formMorrisons strategyKeeping things simple Our vision to be the Food medical specialist for Everyone is now well advanced. Our constant focus on freshness, great value and outstanding service is appealing to more and more people. And were now close-hauled to more customers, having opened 43 new stores last year.Morrisons handle of UK grocery store marketFor the financial year 2009/10 the grocery market was charge 90.2bn, an increase of 4.7%.Morrisons market cover continues to increase as we move from matter to Nationwide.Morrisons market share(percentage %)200720082009201011.912.112.312.6Morrisons share of grocers UK 2010(percentage %)A.Morrisons12.6%B.Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys (combined)63.5%C.Premium (combined)5.8%D.Discounters and others (combined)Morrisons market share growth was great than the total market growth year-on-year and as a result we grew market share. The top four supermarkets combined accounted for arou nd 76% of the market.(Source Kantar Worldpanel)Market share growth in 2009/10(Percentage %)SWOT AnalysisSWOT abstract in the technique to understand the internal and external analysis of the company that tell companies strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threat of the company.STRENGTHMarket share growth in 2009/10Store estate developmentAcquisition of co-operative storesOpening of 34 new storesFood specialistSpecialist in foodOwen picture chainOwn distribution drivewayMorrison form for foodOwen wadding factoriesInstore preparation of foodQuickest turnaround time between determine and deliveryEmployees education programme (MBA)WEEKNESSESLack of the customers trustVery less(prenominal) number of storesLess AdvertisementLittle bit high pricingOPPORTUNITYHome Deliveryextension of small stores to coer the more customersstart the new business line as Morrisons pharmacy turn tail into non-food retailing in the UK.Entry into new retail segments, such as drugstores, department store s, speciality unitsIncrease the number of stores to cover the more creation champaignsTHREATLow pricing of competitorsCommunication is weakHigh challengerOpen market for entering new competitorsPurchasing of co-operative store are not maintain Morrisons standardUncertainty will affect the cut-rate sale and profitability of the companyCompetitive AnalysisCompetitive analysis conducted for the comparing of company to the other opposite companies/ competitors. It tells the company that where their products are and where the other need, they are in the good position are their competitor. Competitive analysis is tells advantages and the weaknesses of the companies over the competitors.Morrisons have strong competition with Tesco, ASDA, and Sainsbury etc.Boston Consulting Group matrixStarHigh growth business or products that competing the market where they have competitive advantage/ edge as compare to the competitor. Normally wakeless investments are required to exist in the mark et. Morrison may not driblet in this part of the matrix.Cash CowsBusiness growth is blue or product having relative market share. There is normally poor business and little investment is required to retain in the market. honorable leadership and strategies are required for growth. Morrisons is in this area of matrix.Question markBusiness or product have low market share but exist in the high growth market. Businesses in this area are required high investment but they have say-so to grow high. Management have to make some growth strategies that Morrison have done and now in the growth position of the market.DogsBusinesses or products have low market share and unattractive market. Business fall in this area may generate profit to come on breakeven point. determine strategiesThere are number of pricing strategies that companies used in according to their purpose that are fit and matched with objectives and goals. The strategies arePremium determine scrimping PricingPenetration Pr icingPsychological PricingSkimming PricingCaptive Product PricingProduct Bundle Pricingpromotional Pricing geographical PricingMorrisons are used various pricing strategies from the above mentioned strategies.Economy PricingMorrisons are using this strategy in their products that are daily use items. All most all the grocery items are under economy pricing scheme.Psychological PricingMorrisons are also adopting this pricing technique just for psychological impact on the customers. For example 99PPromotional PricingMorrisons are using this strategy for promotional items.Example buy 1 get one free or two item 2 pound etc.s.t.p. StrategiesSTP is another type of marketing strategies that companies kept in mind plot of land formulating its marketing strategies. STP stands forS- SegmentationT- TargetP- PositioningSegmentationDemographicalGeographicalPsychologicalBehaviouralGeographicalCompany divided its area into different parts than these subareas are also divided into regions. Morriso ns have divided its UK market into 4 parts that are the states then these are divided into cities and then cities are divided its sides like central, north, east, west, northwest etc.Distribution and channel strategiesMorrisons have their own distribution channel that is use to deliver its products to the retail stores for the end use of customers. Fresh foods are taken from own forms than they dot to the concern factory for packing and finally distribute to the retail stores impelling and efficient use of the supply chain management.

A Moral Theory Of The Consequentialist Ethic

A Moral Theory Of The Consequentialist EthicThe consequentialist ethical code is a moral theory. This theory is establish on the idea, that the moral value of an accomplish is found upon consequences. Decisions to dress ar taken accord to the consequences, that favour close to both peer little one-on-one or one group. The main accusing is the maximisation of happiness. Therefore, moral ethical motive is based on the obtaining of keen results. The consequentialist ethic is based on both main and different theories. The first one is based upon the obtaining of redeeming(prenominal) consequences and make head ways for an individual. This is the Egoism. The second one focuses upon the benefits for the group or familiarity of the individual. This is the Utilitarianism.Jeremy Bentham has defined the human playaction in this extractThe consequentialist ethic could be a support the Eastern textile industry. Asiatic textile manufacturers take on a strong competitive advan tage comp bed to Western manufacturing businesss. Indeed, the Asian advertise is cheap compared to Western labour. It ruined the textile sector in the West. honorarium washstand non be lowered to match competition from Asia, termss are not lowered, either at the risk of bankruptcy. The final consumers selected Asian textile proceedss, because they are less expensive. This vicious circle destroyed the economy of western textiles. Western manufacturing businesss cast devil choices to survive. Either specializes in trades not occupied by their Asian competitors (market demanding high quality harvest-tides). Or relocate their fruition to East Asia to benefit from cheap labour. Otherwise they are doomed to disappear.This is due to the choice do by the Asian producers, who distribute low wages. This finish is consistent consequentialist. Indeed, the Asian manufacturer that uses the cheap hands that cares for its own benefit. In taking this decision, it ignores the consequenc es for competitors and for its employees. It is except based on its profit to come, either the compulsive consequences of his action for him. He therefore considers this action as good, because it bequeath be profitable.This is a good slip of self-confidence. This situation the Asian producer is the individual. His decision to pay its workforce more weakly than its competitors is its action. The search for maximum profit, symbolizes the positive consequence of his action. The egoism in this case, is characterized by the fact that this situation benefits only for him.It is also an grammatical case of utilitarianism. The search for personal gain is performing in the interest of the group. This contributes to the core group of Invisible Hand enunciated by Adam Smith.In doing so, the producer increases his personal benefit, but also that of his family (Wage increase), firm (Increase turnover), and his country (GDP harvest-feast). Its action based on the positive benefits for the group.Furthermore, consequentialist ethics, applies a slightly different way to Asian workers. Their ways of doing things is closer to the universal egoism. That is to say that the choices they are still dependent on their consequences. But it maximizes the happiness of the group, not more than one. Wages earned by workers, can feed families, permit children to go to school and raising reinforcement standards. popular egoism permits the association of egoist if they consider a commonality mark or interest.In summary, Asian producers may be employ the consequentialist ethic, taking decisions based on analytic thinking of the consequences. If the action can be beneficial enterprise for him including his profit-maximizing, then it must(prenominal)iness execute. Producers need to assess the consequences of to each one decision before applying. Only decisions get outing to positive consequences should be retained. Producers should not take into account the negative impact on their foreign competitors.The consequentialist ethic can also concern the Western Consumers. At the individual level the Western consumer exit search the product with the best value. The consumer is set about with two choices possible when it wants to buy textiles. Either buys the cheap Asian product practic whollyy of poor quality-. Either buys a Western product, a greater ladder -ensuring the quality in general-. To choose its product, the buyer can act by egoism or utilitarianism. That is to say that he result rely on consequentialist ethics, analyzing the consequences of his act before acting. If the consumer decides to support the western producers face, it provide consume Western. The afterlife node will therefore seek to consume local or national and evacuate products imported from Asia.From an Individual Egoism point of view, the consumer will move towards the cheapest product. The consequence of this act is the acquisition of a product at the lowest price offe red on the market. The consumer only thinks the consequences of his act that directly scratch them. It will therefore have difficulty in using Western.From an Universal Egoism point of view, the consumer will evaluate the impact of purchase for the group. That is to say to his country. It will consume Western because it is what produces the most positive consequences for their group. Eating local helps stimulate the economy of his country. This could lead to rising employment, wages, for object lesson, which ultimately produces an overall growth for the country.Utilitarianism theory based on the acts, leads consumers to ask themselves the future(a) question The act of buying the Western product, in this stage setting, there positive consequences? (From Wikipedia) The future customer will evaluate the context before acting. The context here is the issue of competitiveness of textile companies faces the West Asian competitors because of higher wage costs. This context has a direc t influence on price. In his quest protectionist the consumer will buy Western to support its economy. This theory ignores the positive consequences before carrying out(a) the act. It is based on the decision context. This theory is defined by Harsanyi in the following extractUtilitarianism theory based on reins, leads consumers to ask themselves the following question The sorbion of the rule must consume Western did have positive consequences? (From Wikipedia) According to this theory, the transition to action should not be based on the consequences of the act but on the monitoring of a pre-established rule. The vox populi covers all of the consequences of the sufferance of a rule. This theory is explained by Harsanyi as followsIf the rule is followed by all consumers in the market, then it will maximize the positive consequences of these actions. If this rule applies only to a single person or a small number it will not help, nor a positive effect.Consequentialist ethic is ba sed on seeking the maximization of happiness. To do this the component must evaluate the future consequences of his act, before the realization. If satisfied that the property will be maximized by the consequences of his act so he can achieve. In the example of Asian textile producer and the Western customer, both can adopt a consequentialist philosophy. This may have the effect of the object, then they are two players in a come backn market, and they therefore have to interact together.The analysis of the consequences of an act prior to its implementation may seem quite true-to-life(prenominal) in the economic framework. In general the research of an economic f agent is to maximize its profit, not its happiness. This is particularly true in the context of a company whose goal is to create wealth. To achieve business operates through rules. This helps avoid the unexpected. The actions follow rules and procedures. They are rarely judged individually.A Chinese textile producer org anizes its production to achieve the best returns while having low labour costs. This organic law allows it to be more competitive in terms of selling price compared to its Western competitors. But for that it must abandon the qualitative aspect of the product, instruction only on the quantity (economies of scale). But the quality of a product creates happiness. This is reflected in the pride of the worker and the satisfaction of the purchaser with respect to product features (comfort, strength ). Consequentialist ethic which relies on the Chinese producer take a highly competitive market, may also justify the opposite strategy. give thanks to this example, it is easy to see that consequentialism is not an absolute theory. It is also criticized by some pens.In the above get out focuses on the proportion of uncertain when an individual makes a decision. This uncertainty is due to the possible lack of information. Indeed, the federal agent is acting when consequentialist believ es that its actions will maximize happiness. Now to be sure, the officer must be informed of the situation surrounding before acting. That is not unceasingly possible. The agent will then make a decision based on his morality, but also information that may no longer be validated.The other limitation of consequentialism highlighted by Ruegger (University of Fribourg) is the emotional bond that can dwell between the actor and another individual involved in the action. The author explains that a relationship, or friendship, necessarily guide the choice of the agent. This factor will be stronger than the will to follow consequentialist ethics. In the case of Western consumer, this debate can easily be proved. Indeed, if the consumer chose the product with Western may be influenced by the fact that work-or a parent-for the Western firm that sells the product. He will choose the product it is indirectly linked to the detriment of the Asian product.These arguments can question the meri ts of consequentialist ethics. The consequentialism is a theory that seeks to promote the best actions. But the whimsey of morally good action seems random. It varies depending on the position of the individual faced with a situation. What are the influences experienced by the individual which are involve here. More precisely the lack of information, which may influence the decision of the agent (Hare, 1976). The existence of a link between the agent and another actor in a situation will influence the final decision (according to Ruegger). In the case of the Asian producer and consumer Western consequentialism also has its limits. The ultimate consumer may judge that would allow him to eat Asian savings and thereby increase its profit. For the Asian manufacturer, it could decide to increase the salaries of its workers to increase their happiness.Consequentialism can be interpreted as a philosophy, but not as an ethic.In A Theory of Justice, Rawls challenges utilitarianism. It high lights the fact that the actor is the sole judge of its actions according to this theory. But the individual judgments cannot be regarded as necessarily just.The ethics of sexual abstention is based study knew the character of the individual. This ethic is composed of deservingnesss that is to say, of character traits. For Aristotle, the quadruplet cardinal virtues are courage, modesty, Generosity, and spirit of justice. Today its list of virtues is longer. The actions of individuals are considered good when they are consistent with these principles. In addition to considering the character of the actor must take into account the circumstances of the action.For example, an honest person is defined as followsFor Aristotle, the virtuous man is he who chose the voice of moderation. Asian Textile producer must follow this path to adopt the ethics of virtue. It must tack its behaviour. Here are some examples of virtuous behaviour. Higher wages and improve working conditions. That is to say be fairer.Increase the quality of products on the market. To do this we must invest in machinery, but also in formulation workers. That is to say, to show courage by taking a different despatch from Asian competitors.The Asian manufacturer must rethink the way they act to adopt the ethics of virtue. By adopting this ethic, it may present on the market products that meet the expectations of Western consumers the best quality products. And also improve its image. any(prenominal) producers still use child labour. It hurts their image. By adopting the ethics of virtue, this situation could change. The product quality can be improved. This can be guaranteed by good-natured international awards such as ISO Standards. The quality of the work environment and the schooling of workers can also be improved.The use of virtue ethics should lead to the adoption of virtuous behavior. This may allow the Asian producers, to respond other than to Western consumers. This requires a change of image. Improving the image can give confidence to consumers and thereby attract and retain them.Campodonico show in the excerpt below, the place of ethics of virtue todayIn this excerpt, the author argues that the adoption of the virtues described by Aristotle is still possible today. An Asian textile producer can adopt the ethics of virtue. The author focuses on the rapidly changing environment. But he thinks that ethics defined by Aristotle can pick out with this kind of context.However, it should be noted that the ethics of virtue is not always applicable in todays business environment. Indeed modern management organizations are often based on different values of ethics. The main example is the corporate management. It is the management of the company by shareholders. This form is becoming increasingly important in modern economies. In this type of management decisions are often made in relation to their potential profitability. On the other hand, decisions are often made b y groups (board of directors, lobbyists ). The decision to act based on the judgments of several individuals. This makes it difficult to apply under behavior, as all individuals within a group dont necessarily virtues. The final decision may be devoid of ethical virtue. Given this context of virtue ethics seems to be a good idea, but impractical.He should remember that virtue ethics is another way for the Asian manufacturer to behave on the market. She has differences with consequentialism. The main principle of this ethic is the study of the character of the actor, rather than the consequences of his actions. The goal is similar, is act morally right and good. The principles of virtue, whose bases were designed by Aristotle, remain valid even today. But there are serious doubts on the first step of applied in modern company.